This is a free website for Nuclear Medicine Technologists and Students who wish to broaden their understanding of Nuclear Cardiology Practices and Principles.



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1a: History
1b: Guidelines
1c: Epidemiology
1d: Structure
1e: Circulation
Lesson 1 REVIEW

2a: Anomalies
2b: Dextrocardia
2c: Coronary Arteries
2d: Indicators of Function
Lesson 2 REVIEW

3a: Electrophysiology
3b: Conduction
3c: Action Potential
3d: Autonomic System
Lesson 3 REVIEW

4a: Electrocardiography
4b: EKG Slideshow
4c: EKG Interpretation
4d: Myocardial Damage
Lesson 4 REVIEW

5a: Cardiovascular Disease
5b: Coronary Syndromes
5c: Atherosclerosis
5d: Myocardial Infarction
5e: Cardiac Stress Testing
5f: Cardiac Medications
5g: Revascularization
Lesson 5 REVIEW

6a: Diagnostic Imaging
6b: Radiopharmaceuticals
6c: Thallium Scintigraphy
6d: Tc99m MPI Agents
6e: PET Imaging
6f: Blood Pool Imaging
6g: Cardiac Function
Lesson 6 REVIEW

7a: Planar Cardiac Imaging
7b: Cardiac SPECT Imaging
7c: Cardiac SPECT Anatomy
7d: Interpretation
7e: Attenuation Correction
Lesson 7 REVIEW

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Review of Section 5 : Self-test

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 1. About half of cardiovascular deaths are due to coronary artery disease. What is CAD?  A condition that reduces blood flow through the coronary arteries to the heart muscle by a pathological process, mainly coronary atherosclerosis.

 2. What is “sudden cardiac death” ? 95% of people suffering cardiac arrest die within two hours after onset of symptoms and before medical care is reached.

 3. What is myocardial ischemia?  Ischemia is defined as deficiency of blood supply.

 4. What does “risk stratification” mean?  The process of identifying patients at risk of having a future cardiac event.

 5. Name eight risk factors for coronary heart disease.  Family history, Age and gender, Elevated serum cholesterol, Diabetes, Hypertension, Cigarette smoking, Obesity, Personality and Lifestyle.

 6. What are the three major clinical manifestations of ischemia?  Three major clinical manifestations of ischemia: angina pectoris (chest pain), myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death.

 7. What is Angina Pectoris?  Cardiac chest pain: a clinical syndrome resulting from transient and reversible ischemia.

 8. What is myocardial infarction?  Myocardial infarction results from total coronary occlusion and loss of blood flow.

 9. What are some complications following acute myocardial infarction?  Arrhythmias, pulmonary edema, cardiac shock, ventricular aneurysm, mitral insufficiency, VSD and cardiac rupture.

10. What does a graded exercise test detect?  A graded exercise test detects stress-induced alterations in cardiac electrical patterns that might signify cardiac ischemia.

11. How is the patient’s target heart rate determined?  A target heart rate is determined according to the patient’s age (220 – age= target) x 0.85

12. Name three reasons to terminate an exercise stress test?  Anginal-type chest pain, Achieve 85% of pmhr, dizziness and/or lightheadedness, SOB or muscular fatigue,arrhythmias, ST-T changes, fall in blood pressure.

13. What are some of the factors that define an electrically "positive" stress test?  ST segment depression or elevation greater than 1 mm compared to a normal baseline, 2 mm or more increase in the ST-segment abnormality in patients with a baseline ST-segment depression.


14. Name four pharmacologic stress agents that may be used as alternatives to exercise treadmill testing.  IV Persantine, IV Dobutamine, IV Adenosine, IV Regadenoson


15. Why should Persantine, Adenosine and Regadenoson be avoided in the asthmatic patient?  These drugs are not for use in the asthmatic patient due to exacerbation of bronchspasm.

16. What action does the drug Aminophylline have on the vascular system? Aminophylline is a vasoconstrictor.

 

17. What chemicals are released from dying myocardial cells?  CK, CK-MB, LDH, Troponin, Myoglobin


  

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