This is a free website for Nuclear Medicine Technologists and Students who wish to broaden their understanding of Nuclear Cardiology Practices and Principles.



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1a: History
1b: Guidelines
1c: Epidemiology
1d: Structure
1e: Circulation
Lesson 1 REVIEW

2a: Anomalies
2b: Dextrocardia
2c: Coronary Arteries
2d: Indicators of Function
Lesson 2 REVIEW

3a: Electrophysiology
3b: Conduction
3c: Action Potential
3d: Autonomic System
Lesson 3 REVIEW

4a: Electrocardiography
4b: EKG Slideshow
4c: EKG Interpretation
4d: Myocardial Damage
Lesson 4 REVIEW

5a: Cardiovascular Disease
5b: Coronary Syndromes
5c: Atherosclerosis
5d: Myocardial Infarction
5e: Cardiac Stress Testing
5f: Cardiac Medications
5g: Revascularization
Lesson 5 REVIEW

6a: Diagnostic Imaging
6b: Radiopharmaceuticals
6c: Thallium Scintigraphy
6d: Tc99m MPI Agents
6e: PET Imaging
6f: Blood Pool Imaging
6g: Cardiac Function
Lesson 6 REVIEW

7a: Planar Cardiac Imaging
7b: Cardiac SPECT Imaging
7c: Cardiac SPECT Anatomy
7d: Interpretation
7e: Attenuation Correction
Lesson 7 REVIEW

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Review of Section 3 : Self-test

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 1. What are four characteristics of myocardial tissue that allow it to integrate the heart's electrical and mechanical activity? Automaticity; Excitability; Conductivity; Contractility

 2. What is the cardiac cycle? Name the three components of this cycle. A cardiac cycle is defined as a complete cardiac movement, including systole, intervening pause, and diastole.

 3. Define SYSTOLE and DIASTOLE. Systole is the contraction phase, diastole is the filling phase of a cardiac chamber.

 4. What is the first mechanical event of the cardiac cycle? VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE is considered to be the first mechanical event of the cardiac cycle.

 5. Name 5 components of the cardiac conduction system. Sinoatrial node; Atrioventricular node; Atrioventricular bundle; Right and left bundle branches; Purkinje fibers.

 6. What is the heart's pacemaker? Where is it located? The SA (sinoatrial node) is the heart's pacemaker. It is located high in the wall of the right atrium near the entrance of the superior vena cava.

 7. What happens when the impulse reaches the terminal ends of the Purkinje fibers?  The Purkinje fibers carry electrical impulses to the individual myocardial cells, resulting in simultaneous contraction of all parts of both ventricles.

 8. Pacemaker cells need no outside stimulus to generate electrical impulses. What system regulates the rate of cardiac contraction? The parasympathetic (vagus) and sympathetic systems innervate the heart, acting to increase or decrease overall cardiac function.

 9. From what organ does this system originate?    The medulla oblongata (brain stem).

10. In response to exercise or stress, what hormone is released by the sympathetic nerves? Sympathetic stimulation increases the overall activity of the heart with release of norepinephrine.

11. What neurotransmitter acts to decelerate the heart rate?  Parasympathetic nerves travel from the brain to the heart in the vagus nerve.  Stimulation of the vagus nerve releases the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which indirectly slows the heart rate.

12. Into what vessel does waste-laden blood from the myocardium drain after the nutrient exchange has occurred? Parasympathetic nerves travel from the brain to the heart in the vagus nerve.  Stimulation of the vagus nerve releases the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which indirectly slows the heart rate.

13 . Cardiac muscle cells interconnect to form a syncytium. What is the importance of this characteristic? This characteristic allows excitation waves to pass quickly throughout the myocardium.

14. What happens after an excess of positive charges accumulates on the outside of the cell membrane?  The cell depolarizes, creating electrical current.

15. Electrical activity in myocardial tissue depends on electrolyte imbalance and a difference in ___________ . Electrical potential.

16. Name the two stages of the action potential. Depolarization and Repolarization.


 

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